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/ 

THE SCIENCE OF 

WRESTLING 

AND 

THE ART OF 

JIU-JITSU 

BY 

EARLE LIEDERMAN / 



PUBLISHED BY 

EARLE LIEDERMAN 
NEW YORK 







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COPYRIGHT, 1923, BY 
EARLE LIEDERMAN 


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OCT 28 23 J 


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PREFACE 


It has been said that every worth-while man is possessed with 
some hobby. He may not admit it. In fact, he may not know it, 
but he has one just the same. If such be true, I should be 
doubly proud of myself, for I have two hobbies. One is 
Wrestling and the other is Boxing. 

There was a time when the viewpoint of some people was so 
narrow they disapproved of both these amusements, but I am 
pleased to note that today such people are by far in the minority. 
The French would say “cest la guerre ” for the war has had 
a lot to do with it. Never before were the advantages of these 
two sciences so clearly demonstrated. Every American boy 
was encouraged to participate in at least one of these manly 
arts. 

For a number of years I have been directing and guiding thou¬ 
sands of boys and young men in the care of their bodies. It 
is just as natural for a strong, healthy boy to box and wrestle 
as it is to eat. I have tried to teach, however, that there is a 
time and place for everything. I would be indeed disap¬ 
pointed to learn that any of my followers had acquired the 
strength and skill to wrestle and then assume the part of a 
bully. For a bully is at heart a coward. 

In the writing of this book my purpose is the same. I desire 
to build up an army of courageous, clean-minded men who 
will be prepared to protect the weak rather than to oppress 
them—men who will dare to do right and insist on others 
doing the same. 

Wrestling, then, is threefold in its benefits. It will help you 
in the upbuilding of a strong, robust body; it will fortify 


you against attacks by ruffians and bullies, and it will build 
up a determined spirit within you which will help you in the 
everyday walks of life. 

Starting from the beginning of this world, right up to the 
present day, in every epoch you will read of men, strong in 
character, who were noted for their physical prowess and were 
not slow to use these powers. 

All of us cannot hope for world-wide success, hut we do know 
that wrestling will give us a strong, healthy body, which is 
essential for the highest attainments of the mind. We also 
know that wrestling will build up the will power and per¬ 
severance of man when all other methods may fail. 

Therefore, as you study this book, practicing and acquiring 
the many advantages which it offers you over your fellow- 
man, do it with the purpose of preparing yourself for the 
enjoyment of a manly pastime, to protect yourself and others 
against assault, and to make of yourself a strong, virile man 
with a clean body and an active mind fit for the accomplish¬ 
ment of the bigger things in life. 



Earle Liederman 

The physical development of the author 







CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Photo of Author (Earle Liederman). 1 

Preface . 5 

Picture of Earle Liederman, Showing Muscular Development. ... 7 

Contents . 9-13 

The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu.15-36 

Amateur Wrestling Rules. 37-43 

Martin Ludecke, Middleweight Champion of Central America.... 44 

The Science of Wrestling. 45 

Shaking Hands. 46 

Referee’s Hold. 47 

Straight Reverse Arm Lock.48-49 

Fall from Straight Reverse Arm Lock and Body Scissors. 50 

Starting a Reverse Slip Lock.51-52 

Fall from Reverse Slip Lock. 53 

Wrist and Further Ankle Lock.54-55-56 

Fall from Wrist and Further Ankle Lock. 57 

Waist and Hammer Lock Standing. 58 

Flying Mare .59-60 

Fall from the Flying Mare. 51 

Counter Hold for the Flying Mare. 52 

Complete Counter for Flying Mare. 53 

Standing Side Head Lock or Side Chancery. 64 

Fall from Standing Side Head Lock or Side Chancery. 65 

Counter for Side Head Lock or Side Chancery. 66 

Start of Back Heel and Waist Lock. 67 

Continuation of Back Heel and Waist Lock. 68 

Fall from Back Heel and Waist Lock. 69 

Back Heel and Leg Hold.70-71 

Counter for Back Heel and Leg Hold. 72 

Inside Leg and Arm Drop.73-74 

Fall from Inside Leg and Arm Drop. 75 

Double Leg Dive. 76 


[ 9 ] 
































PAGE 

Counter for Double Leg Dive. 77 

Guard for Leg Dive. 78 

Standing Crotch and Half Nelson. 79 

Fall from Standing Crotch and Half Nelson. 80 

Roll with Wrist Lock and Leg Grapevine. 81 

Fall from Roll with Wrist Lock and Leg Grapevine. 82 

Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar.83-84 

Counter for Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar. 85 

Start of Waist Lock from Behind. 86 

Waist Lock from Behind, Continued. 87 

Putting Opponent to the Mat from Waist Lock Behind. 88 

Double Wrist Lock, Standing. 89 

Fall from Double Wrist Lock with Head Scissors. 90 

Standing Double Wrist Lock with Back Heel.91-92 

Fall from Standing Double Wrist Lock with Back Heel. 93 

Counter for Standing Double Wrist Lock. 94 

Countering a Counter for a Standing Double Wrist Lock. 95 

Double Wrist Lock with Side Roll.96-97 

Fall from Double Wrist Lock with Side Roll. 98 

Double Wrist Lock on the Mat. 99 

Fall from Double Wrist Lock on the Mat. 100 

Double Wrist Lock with Bridge. 101 

Cross-Buttock and Waist Lock. 102 

Hip Lock . 103 

Starting a Quarter Nelson. 104 

Quarter Nelson . 105 

Counter for Quarter Nelson. 106 

Continuation of Quarter Nelson . 107 

Fall from Quarter Nelson with Combination Cradle Hold. 108 

Another Counter for Quarter Nelson. 109 

Reversed Bar . 110 

Half Nelson . Ill 

Escape from Half Nelson. 112-113 

Escape and Counter for Half Nelson. 114 

Side Roll Counter for Half Nelson. 115 

Half Nelson and Leg Roll. 116 

Fall from Half Nelson and Leg Lift. 117 

Further Half Nelson with Arm Scissors. 118-119 


[ 10 ] 








































PAGE 

Fall from Further Nelson with Arm Scissors. 120 

Combined Head and Leg Lock. ]21 

Fall from Combined Head and Leg Lock. 122 

Inside Grapevine . 123 

Inside Grapevine with Toe Hold. 124 

Fall from Inside Grapevine. 125 

Start of Step-Over Toe Hold. 126 

Step-Over Toe Hold Continued. 127 

Step-Over Toe Hold to the Inside. 128 

Start of Hammer Lock. 129 

Hammer Lock and Crotch Hold.. 130 

Hammer Lock and Half Nelson. 131 

Front Bar . 132 

Fall from Leg and Ankle Lock. 133 

Side Bar Hold . . . .. 134 

Leg and Arm Lock. 135 

Start of Leg and Ankle Lock with Half Nelson. 136 

Leg and Ankle Lock from Half Nelson. 137 

Start of Arm Scissors. 138 

Continuation of Arm Scissors. 139 

Fall from Arm Scissors. 140 

Front Head Lock. 141 

Block for Leg Dive with Standing Quarter Nelson. 142 

Near Leg Lift. 143 

Fall from Further Crotch. 144 

Start of Body Scissors. 145 

Fall from Scissors . 146 

Wrong Way of Securing Body Scissors. 147 

Leg Lock on Arm. 148-149 

Fall from Leg Lock on Arm. 150 

Waist Hold and Wrist Grip. 151 

Sitting Up from Waist Hold and Wrist Grip. 152 

Fall from Sitting Up Waist Hold and Wrist Grip. 153 

Standing Arm Lock and Leg Block. 154 

Fall from Standing Arm Lock and Leg Block. 155 

Breaking a Bridge..156-157 

Half Nelson and Top Scissors. 158 


HU 







































PAGE 

Fall from Top Scissors and Half Nelson. 159 

Start of Leg Split. 160 

Continuation of Leg Split. 161 

Fall from Leg Split. 162 

Leg Split and Head Lock. 163 

Start of Further Arm and Bar. 164 

Further Arm and Bar Hold Continued. 165 

Fall from Further Arm and Bar. 166 

The Art of Jiu-Jitsu... .167-169 

Should You Be Attacked in the Street. 170 

Should Anyone Attack You and Grab Hold of Your Coat Lapels. . 171 

Force Your Left Arm Up and Around Your Opponent’s Right Arm 172 

Bring Your Both Hands Upward. 173 

Should a Person Reach Toward His Hip Pocket for a Gun. 174 

Quickly Bring in Your Right Hand, Grasping Opponent’s Elbow 175 

While Retaining Hold on His Elbow, You Can Punish Your 

Opponent. 176 

Another Way of Defending Yourself if a Person Reached for His 

Pocket to Get a Weapon. 177 

Straighten Out Your Opponent’s Locked Arm. 178 

When Held Up with a Gun. 179 

Follow Up with Your Right Hand, Turn the Pointed Gun Into 

Your Opponent’s Face. 180 

Should a Person Make a Move to Strike You with His Left Fist. . 181 

Pull His Arm Toward You. 182 

Another Method, if Attacked as Shown in Plate No. 133. 183 

Another Method to Meet an Attack. 184 

Should a Person Attack You and Endeavor to Punch You. 185 

Another Way to Overcome an Attack as Shown in Plate No. 133. . 186 

If a Person Strikes You or Endeavors to Hit You a Blow in the 

Face. 187 

Then, from Position Shown on Plate No. 139, Throw Yourself 

Backwards. 188 

Should a Person Endeavor to Strike You as Shown in Plate 

No. 133. 189 

Keep Forcing Up with Your Left Hand. 190 

Should a Man Rush to Attack You. 191 

Next, with a Quick Move, Pull His Coat Collar Over His Shoulders 192 

[12] 




























^ <v - PAGE 

There is Another Counter When an Opponent Rushes at You. . . . 193 

Should Anyone Grab You by the Throat. 194 

Simply Reach Upward with Your Hand and Grasp One or More 

of His Fingers. 195 

Next Endeavor to Place Your Arm Under Your Opponent’s. .. . 196 

Shold Your Opponent Attack You with a Strangle Hold. 197 

Another Way of Making a Man Helpless from an Attack as Shown 193 
Still Another Way for Defending Yourself from a Strangle Hold 199 

When a Person Makes an Attempt to Strike a Blow with His Right 

Hand . 200 

From Preceding Position Force Your Opponent’s Right Arm Over 

His Right Shoulder. 201 

When a Man Makes an Attack Swinging with His Right Fist. . . . 202 

Then Pull Your Opponent’s Arm Towards Your Left Shoulder. . 203 

Another Method of Preventing an Attack as Shown in Plate 

No. 154 . 201 

A Simple Method to Overcome an Attack... 205 

The Finish from the Preceding Position. 206 

Another Bone-Breaking Hold. 207 

Twist Opponent’s Left Arm Outward and Upward. 208 

Turn Completely Around Until You Are Facing Your Opponent 

Again. 209 

To Render Your Adversary Helpless in Another Way. 210 

Having Brought Your Opponent to the Floor, Pull His Left Arm 

Across Your Left Leg. 211 

When an Opponent Endeavors to Strike You with His Right Hand 212 

This Will Complete the Hold as Shown Above. 213 

Demonstrating a Strangle Hold from the Front. 214 

Demonstrating a Strangle Hold from the Front, Continued. 215 

Showing a Way to Overpower a Man When You Are in Back of 

Him . 216 

Then Secure a Strangle Hold from the Back. 217 

Another Way of Taking the Strangle Hold from the Back. 218 

Demonstrating a Leg Trip from the Ground. 219 

Another Simple Method of Flooring Your Adversary. 220 

When Attacked from Behind and Opponent Pins Both of Your 

Arms Against Your Body. 221 

Throw Both Your Arms Upward and Outward. 222 

You Will Then Be in a Position to Reach Quickly Through Your 

Legs for Your Opponent’s Foot. 223 

[13] 



























































































































































THE SCIENCE of WRESTLING AND 
THE ART of JIU-JITSU 

I T is not my intention to weary the reader with a de¬ 
tailed description of the history of wrestling, nor any 
minor information that any one can find in various 
wrestling books which now flood the market, but my en¬ 
deavor in publishing this book is to reveal modern holds 
and styles used by champions both in Catch-as-Catch-Can 
wrestling and Jiu-Jitsu, some of which have never been 
imparted to the public. 

I find it necessary, however, to mention the fact that 
wrestling dates back to the early days of man. Consid¬ 
erable credit can be given to the Greeks, Chinese and 
Japanese for discovering and perfecting the numerous 
holds, counters and escapes. Wrestling today naturally 
has progressed with the progress of the world, though 
old-time wrestlers use many of the same holds that are 
now scientifically applied by our present-day champions. 
Catch-as-Catch-Can is the more modern form of wres¬ 
tling. This means that any hold can be taken on any 
part of the body. This differs from the Graeco-Roman 
style, which forbids obtaining holds below the waist. 

With a thorough knowledge of wrestling, the weakest 
man will find it exceedingly easy to overpower a man of 
twice his size and strength, providing, of course, he is 
clever and well versed in the various tricks which will be 
found within the pages of this book. 

There is a lot more to wrestling than the mere struggling 
of two contestants on the mats. A determination to suc¬ 
ceed as a wrestler is most important. Next comes ever¬ 
lasting persistency. An unforgetful knowledge of all the 
[ 15 ] 


The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


holds, tricks, blocks, and counters, as well as escapes, 
is also of paramount importance. 

In modern wrestling bouts the strangle hold is usually 
barred, owing to the danger of it. This also applies to 
a great number of the Jiu-Jitsu holds, for considerable 
damage would be done if some of these holds were per¬ 
mitted. There is hardly a wrestler who does not have 
some knowledge of Jiu-Jitsu, and the reader will find 
it advantageous to combine Jiu-Jitsu in wrestling, even 
though the former may not be used completely, for there 
may come occasions where such combined knowledge will 
help you out of considerable difficulty. 

As a protection in self-defense, Jiu-Jitsu and wrestling 
combined is the most perfect combination that anyone 
could adopt. The writer has demonstrated that he can 
better any fighter by using the combined knowledge of 
Catch-as-Catch-Can wrestling and Jiu-Jitsu, and make the 
fighter disabled in an exceedingly short period of time. 
Having had considerable experience both in boxing and 
wrestling, I have no doubts as to which is the quicker 
method of disabling anyone. Most wrestlers are fairly 
good boxers, whereas most boxers are very poor wrestlers. 

The Jiu-Jitsu attacks and defenses in this, book may some 
day save the life of the reader, and I urge careful study 
and observation of each and every attack and counter, 
so as to become thoroughly familiar with every detail. 

An expert in the art of Jiu-Jitsu possesses considerable 
self-confidence, and would not hesitate for the moment 
to apply his knowledge on any thug or hold-up man 
should they come within his reach. Nearly every hold 
is practically a bone-breaker, and I advise no one to 
practice them on any friend or wrestling partner without 
telling his opponent just what he intends to do, and 
[ 16 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


at the same time opening and executing the attack with 
the greatest caution—otherwise serious results will arise 
owing to the dangers of the hold. 

Wrestling is one of the best means to obtain a powerful 
physique, and you will rarely see a wrestler who does 
not possess unusual strength and a splendid muscular 
development. Every muscle in the body is brought into 
play in Catch-as-Catch-Can wrestling, and all the inter¬ 
nal organs really benefit as well by the vigorous work 
performed during a bout. 

A wrestler has practically unlimited vitality, for this 
strenuous sport does not burn up your energy as boxing 
or fighting does. Wrestlers who lead clean lives are at 
their best between 35 and 40 years of age, whereas most 
fighters are through at the age of 30 owing to the con¬ 
tinual strain of the road work which burns up their vital¬ 
ity and tissues. 

Wrestling is not merely a muscle developing pastime or 
a sport that increases your strength alone, but it will 
give you endurance and perseverance and change your 
outlook on the physical world completely. It will give 
you self-confidence, and that alone is an asset that every¬ 
one should have. 

If the reader will practice with an opponent each and every 
one of the attacks and counters shown in this book, not 
only will he become a proficient exponent on the mat, but 
he will never again have any physical fear in him—no 
matter how heavy or tough his adversary may be. You 
will also find that wrestling will, without a doubt, change 
your whole physical appearance, especially the neck and 
back, for a great stress is put on these parts of your body 
by the constant mat work. 

[17] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Wrestling is no sport for the tenderfoot, and any one who 
fears scratched elbows or knees should never consider 
wrestling seriously. It is a real man’s sport, and it must 
be tackled with a real he-man’s sporting blood. Never¬ 
theless, the one who is timid and frail and who lacks 
courage should not shrink from the thought of a little 
rough pastime. No matter how delicate a person may 
be, if he will wrestle for a few months he will soon 
toughen up and notice a vast difference both in his 
strength and physical appearance. 

It has been said that wrestlers are muscle-bound and 
slow. Of course, I will admit there are a few—a very 
few, but then you will find slow athletes in every line 
of sport. If any one should take wrestling seriously 
enough to work with speed in every movement, he need 
have no fear of becoming what is known as muscle-bound, 
a term which is often mistaken, fot slowness. Much 
depends upon how you train. If you are exercising, 
whether it be with an apparatus or without one, and 
the movements are performed slowly, you can never ex¬ 
pect to be as speedy as the chap who works with lots of 
pep and enthusiasm. The same thing applies to scientific 
wrestling. If you wrestle with the idea of seeing how 
long you can last, naturally you are not going to work 
with as much speed as you would if you wrestle with 
determination and with the intention of becoming as fast 
as possible. 

As an exercise and an aid in developing the muscles of 
the body, wrestling is superior to any other athletic sport 
known. As I have said, every muscle is brought into 
play, some while on the offensive and others while de¬ 
fending. A considerable gain in weight will also be 
noticed, unless, of course, your body contains superfluous 
fat. 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Better digestion of the food and functioning of the in¬ 
ternal organs will be noticed after a few months’ train¬ 
ing. The wind will be improved, the mind will become 
more active and the eye quicker. A healthy, active and 
strong body is one of the first requisites toward physical 
perfection which wrestling will bring. 

When training for wrestling, you should engage in ex¬ 
ercises that deal with development of speed, endurance, 
and most important of all, strength. A clever wrestler 
with a fair knowledge of holds combined with good stay¬ 
ing powers and strength, stands an excellent chance of 
making a name for himself in the wrestling game. 

A great deal of importance should be attached to the 
nature of the exercises indulged in when training. Avoid 
exercises that develop slow muscles. Running and rope 
skipping are very good for building up endurance. Run¬ 
ning is a natural exercise for expanding and developing 
the lungs, while rope skipping will make you light and 
quick on your feet. Of course, care should be taken 
not to overdo either of these, for when an exercise is 
carried to the point of exhaustion more harm can result 
than good. However, running is a natural means of lung 
expansion, and you will find that your staying powers 
depend greatly upon a good lung development with easy 
and regular breathing. 

I advise you to do your running in the cool of the morn¬ 
ing, for then the air is pure. A two- or three-mile trot 
early each morning on the open roads breathing the pure 
fresh air, will produce a beneficial effect on your system 
and build up your nerves, and eventually bring you the 
endurance necessary to become a successful wrestler. 

You will find after you take up the mat game seriously 
that the wind is of extreme importance. That is why 1 
[ 19 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


emphasize the importance of road work. After running 
1 advise you to take a shower, preferably a cold one, so 
that you will remove the perspiration from the body. 

A rub-down after the shower will be found very help¬ 
ful. You might use a solution of three quarters witch 
hazel and one quarter alcohol for this rub. A massage 
is also important in training. If you are not able to have 
someone massage you, the exercise you get by doing it 
yourself will help you considerably. Roll and knead 
the muscles and push them from one side to the other. 
The rubbing is not of vital importance, but the rolling 
and kneading is. The alcohol and witch hazel used while 
massaging invigorates the nerves. 

Skipping the rope will build up endurance in your leg 
muscles and also add to your wind. When skipping, l 
suggest you go through the performance as quickly as 
possible, for doing it in this manner will quicken the leg 
muscles. Speed is absolutely essential in wrestling, and 
I want to impress upon your minds that unless you are 
quick you will stand but little chance in the wrestling 
world. 

Your arms, legs, eyes, and in fact every part of your 
body must be ready to co-ordinate with your thoughts. 
Being clever enough to notice an opening is one thing, 
but taking advantage of an opening at the right time 
is another. You should develop speed in your arm mus¬ 
cles as well as your legs. You will find punching the 
bag especially beneficial in producing results in that par¬ 
ticular line, and will also be helpful in quickening the 
eye. 

I advise you to refrain from any form of muscle binding 
exercises. When in training try to strengthen all the 
[ 20 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


muscles in general. An apparatus that offers you a 
lively yet strong resistance is best, and fifteen or twenty 
minutes a day will be sufficient time to spend in home 
training. A beginner, of course, should take it exceed¬ 
ingly easy at the start and gradually increase the length 
of time as he becomes accustomed to the strain that is 
placed upon the muscles while exercising. 

When wrestling and when exercising always work vigor¬ 
ously and with plenty of speed and snap. Stick to it 
until you are tired, which should be after 15 or 20 min¬ 
utes, and a light perspiration is coming from your body 
•—then the shower and rub-down. 

I also suggest that you wrestle 10 or 15 minutes each 
day, moderately at first, and as you become stronger and 
develop endurance, you may gradually lengthen the time. 
Practice deep breathing morning and evening. You will 
find the natural way of deep breathing superior to all 
the fancy methods. Never force yourself into any particu¬ 
lar style of breathing, but breathe slowly and deeply and 
let your chest rise and fall in its own natural way. Take 
care not to breathe through your mouth. Of course, there 
are times when you will have to execute mouth breathing, 
especially when you are wrestling and find yourself short 
of wind. The reader will find these pointers and sugges¬ 
tions of a great benefit if he will adhere to them. 

If you can spare the time a few nights a week, I suggest 
you take a short walk in the open before retiring. This 
will make you sleep more soundly, and sleep is another 
subject of vital importance. Sleep is nature’s way of 
renewing the worn tissues and building up the muscles 
throughout the body. Try to be regular and sleep at 
least eight hours each night. Keep your windows open 
wide so as to get all the fresh air possible, for you can- 
[ 21 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


not get too much fresh air. In the warm weather you 
might try sleeping out and, in fact, spending as much 
of your time out of doors as possible. 

Do not expect to become a champion after a few months 
practice. No one ever obtained success by his own efforts 
over night. It may require a couple of years of practice 
before you are accustomed to all the holds and counters; 
but be satisfied even though the progress be slow, for you 
will find this a much quicker and assured way to advance. 

Exercising too strenuously and being impatient with the 
slow but sure progress will prove disastrous to you. Start 
slowly, wrestling in moderation until your muscles are 
able to stand the strain of a vigorous contest. As you 
increase in strength, add to your program in wrestling. 

Do not work your body until you are completely ex¬ 
hausted, for experience will tell you when you have had 
enough. You may find that your muscles will become 
sore once in a while, but do not let this hinder you from 
exercising. This soreness is only a natural condition and 
can easily be worked out by a massage and light training. 

Stick to your daily exercising and let nothing stop you, 
regardless of circumstances, unless a serious injury should 
happen to you, for once you neglect your training you 
will find it more difficult to start over again. Remember, 
a tool always in use never becomes rusty. Do not be 
satisfied with one form of exercising. Vary the move¬ 
ments and change your program occasionally, so as to 
prevent it from becoming monotonous. Pay particular 
attention to your diet, and eat only plain, wholesome 
food. Eat plenty of vegetables in the summer and avoid 
meat and too much sugar as much as possible. 

It is exceedingly hard to outline a diet, for every one’s 
[ 22 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


appetite is as different as is the condition of their diges¬ 
tion. I suggest, however, a cereal food for breakfast, a 
light lunch and a good nourishing dinner consisting of 
plenty of vegetables. Thorough mastication and slow 
eating is essential. Do not wash your food down with 
liquids, but masticate it well before swallowing. Avoid 
alcoholic beverages in any form, for this will only tend to 
poison your system. Sweets, such as pies, pastries, can¬ 
dies and also highly seasoned dishes should be entirely 
dispensed with in the wrestler’s menu. Eat all the ripe 
fruit you want with your meals, and should you become 
hungry between meals I advise you to eat nothing but a 
little fruit. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, 
as this will keep your kidneys in good order. Avoid 
iced water, especially when overheated, and when you 
drink swallow it slowly. 

When your intentions of taking up wrestling become se¬ 
rious, your thoughts should turn to the development of 
speed. Never allow yourself to work slowly. Great 
care should be taken when applying holds to perform 
your movements as quickly as possible, so as to prevent 
a possible counter or escape by your opponent. Make up 
your mind as to what you intend to do—then do it quickly 
before your opponent catches on to your intentions and 
changes his position. Make all your movements with a 
confident feeling that you are going to defeat your adver¬ 
sary. Don’t lose courage. It is only natural that you will 
feel a little shaky in your first few encounters. This feel¬ 
ing will disappear with a little experience, and you will 
soon acquire a self-confident attitude. 

Never show your opponent that you are the least bit 
worried when he attacks you, but adopt that “don’t care” 
attitude—though at the same time you should keep your 
[ 23 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


eyes open and always be on the watch for a trick. Push, 
shove and treat him just as roughly as he treats you, even 
adding interest to it if necessary. When wrestling place 
your hand on his neck, take and push his head from side 
to side roughly and let him see how rough you are, and 
in the most cases your opponent will feel as though you 
are superior to him in strength. 

Show him you are strong. If you block his every move 
and try to discourage him, you have the battle half won. 
Use your eyes, arms, legs, and most important of all, 
your brain. Keep your muscles loose and ready for an 
attack or defense, for your muscles will rebel against 
speedy action if held rigid or tensed. So don’t tense them 
—leave them loose. If you tense your muscles you un¬ 
consciously burn up a lot of energy that you might be 
able to use elsewhere to better advantage. Learn to save 
your strength as much as possible. Rest as much as you 
can, especially by placing your weight on your opponent. 
In this way you will save your strength. However, be 
prepared to use it to good advantage when the opportu¬ 
nity arises. 

When you are working with your opponent on the mat, 
always bear heavily on him at all times. Lean your 
weight on his neck and tire him that way. The idea is to 
try and reserve your strength until the proper time comes 
to use it to good advantage. By this rest I don’t mean 
that you should be lazy. Make things appear as though 
you are taking it easy, but at the same time be prepared 
to accept or give a surprise. Never allow your opponent 
to discourage you. When you have secured a hold and 
your efforts seem useless, put that last and almost dying 
effort into your exertions and you will find your opponent 
weakening. Remember that your opponent may be just 
[ 24 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


as tired as you are, but he may be playing his part, en¬ 
deavoring to fool you just as I am telling you to fool him. 

You will find in most cases when your opponent is resist¬ 
ing you that he is tired but is trying to appear fresh, 
thinking to discourage you. Do not believe in appear¬ 
ances, but try him out. See how much strength he really 
has left, and at the same time observe his breathing. 
When he breathes hard it is the first step to fatigue. 
When once you have him exceedingly tired, you can al¬ 
most roll him over on his back without much effort. 

Never waste your strength by forcing your opponent if 
you are met with too strong a resistance—but try and 
change your point of attack. Time your exertions, watch 
for an opening to change your hold, and then suddenly 
force him to the mat with the help of his own resistance. 
You will find that speed and strength are essential in 
completing a fall after you have secured a hold. 

You must also remember that it is possible for your oppo¬ 
nent to have a serious hold on you, and you may think 
that all your resistance and efforts to free yourself are 
useless. Do not give up, for sometimes a sudden jerk, 
pull or shove will do more than all the resistance you 
can offer while on the defensive. 

Then, again, when your opponent has you in a bad fix 
and is forcing your shoulders down, a sudden kick with 
both feet, combined with a vigorous twist of the body, will 
set you free. After you have freed yourself, use your 
head and watch for an opening on your opponent and be 
prepared to take advantage of the first one that presents 
itself. Keep cool at all times, even though you feel you 
are near defeat. Sometimes an opportunity or escape 
[ 25 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


arises at the last moment, just when you are about to give 
up hope. 

If you are perplexed, don’t allow your opponent to detect 
it. However, if he does, it means the finish of you. You 
must think fast and avoid becoming rattled, for when you 
are rattled it simply means clumsy actions, slow move¬ 
ments and a number of other things that will place you 
at a disadvantage. 

Care should be taken as to the position of your feet. A 
firm, strong position is absolutely necessary at all times. 
Never keep your feet too close together, for if they are it 
will give your opponent a good chance to trip you; and 
by holding them too far apart you will be prevented from 
moving quickly. Holding the feet sprawled out to the 
sides affords a good chance for your adversary to knock 
you off your balance. 

Don’t allow yourself to be caught in an awkward position, 
whether you are on your feet or down on the mat. Of 
course, the distance you place your feet apart depends a 
great deal on your height. A tall wrestler will naturally 
have a greater span than a smaller man. The usual 
distance is about 20 inches, and one foot should be 
slightly in advance of the other. 

Strengthen your position by experimenting with the dif¬ 
ferent postures customary for wrestlers to assume. In 
this way you will find one particular style that will suit 
you. Watch every angle of your adversary’s body. If you 
find him weak on his feet, give him no rest whatsoever. 
There are numerous holds you can apply to the legs that 
will soon tire him out, and once you have your opponent 
leg-weary it will be an easy victory for you. As I said 
before, do not think that your opponent is weary because 
[ 26 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


he appears so. Sometimes he will be simply fooling you 
in order to lead you into a cleverly arranged trap. 

Some wrestlers have a habit of telegraphing their inten¬ 
tions, but always try your best to conceal your motive 
until you are prepared for the attack. Keep your oppo¬ 
nent guessing at all times. You must attack by surprise, 
escape from his attacks as quickly as possible, and keep 
him wondering as to where your next move will be. Keep 
on the alert; and again I say, be prepared. 

Remember that your opponent is studying you perhaps 
even more closely than you are studying him. He is 
watching every move you make, looking for openings 
and weak spots, the same as you are. It will do you good 
to find your own weak points and strengthen them, for 
a weak defense simply means that your opponent will 
keep plugging away until he wearies you into defeat. 

Again, you must not allow yourself to be discouraged. 
Be game and ready to fight back. Say to yourself it is 
impossible for you to be thrown, and keep on believing 
that until both your shoulders are actually pinned to the 
mat. When caught in a bad place study your opponent’s 
position and also your own; yet do not waste one second. 
Use every trick you have learned, exert every ounce of 
strength you have left in order to escape and never give 
up. Do not wince when hurt, for this will only show a 
little yellow streak. Just laugh, and let your opponent 
see that you are game. Once he begins to feel that you 
are the stronger and gamer man, he will feel discouraged, 
and a victory for you won’t be very far away. 

Many holds of great importance can be secured while 
blocking your opponent’s attacks. An aggressive wrestler 
leaves many openings, and it is only after several months 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


of practice that you will be able to discover them at the 
right time. You will find after a few encounters just 
where you lack training and what holds you are weakest 
on. You must practice breaking holds as well as securing 
them. When a wrestler refuses to try any holds on you 
and is simply blocking your every move, be very careful 
as to the extent of your attacks. When your opponent 
is working on you, he places himself in a more dangerous 
position than if he were on the defensive. 

It often happens that a wrestler tries for a hold and is 
met with a clever defense. This leaves the aggressive 
wrestler in a weak position, for after being checked or 
blocked he is generally off balance. Always keep in 
mind the position you hold, whether on the mat or stand¬ 
ing up. Picture yourself in your opponent’s place and 
see if you have left an opening of any kind. Watching 
for openings is of less importance than taking advantage 
of them at the right time. If you develop speed both in 
applying various holds and escaping your opponent’s ad¬ 
vances, he will have but little chance of defeating you, 
providing, of course, you are a little quicker than he is. 

There is an escape or block to almost every hold known. 
Practice all the holds you see or hear of, and let your 
training partner apply them to you and see if you can 
escape. You should practice slipping from one hold to 
another. Study your opponent and try to anticipate his 
intentions. Leave an opening purposely and see how 
quick he is to detect it, and by doing so you will learn 
if your opponent is fast or not. 

When you are in a dangerous position, keep your eyes 
open for a counter or some possible means of escape with¬ 
out leaving yourself in a worse position than you held 
before. Most wrestlers are very careless and fail to no- 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


tice a possible means of escape when they almost have 
their opponent’s shoulders to the mat. 

It is cleverness that helps a wrestler escape, but it is a 
combination of cleverness, speed and headwork to escape 
without leaving any possible opening that your opponent 
might take advantage of. Do not try for one particular 
hold all the time—neither should you have any favorite 
holds. Practice every hold so that you will be able to 
apply any one of them when a suitable opening presents 
itself. 

If you master every hold you know of, you will be sur¬ 
prised with the many openings that will arise in a wres¬ 
tling match that will give you an opportunity to apply 
one of them. It is useless to exert yourself in trying for 
a certain hold unless a good opening presents itself. 
Never be too hasty in avoiding your opponent’s attacks. 
In most cases he may be laboring to surprise you, and is 
just trying to lead you into a trap. Beware of combina¬ 
tion holds that your opponent might try on you, for they 
are very difficult to break, and you will find if you are not 
quick enough they will more than once prove disastrous 
to you. 

You must also take extreme care that your opponent is 
not misleading you, for he may pretend his strongest part 
is his weakest. Size him up and judge for yourself where 
his weakest point of attack really is. If he succeeds in 
misleading you, he will have the advantage and will be 
prepared to spring a surprise on you. You can fool him 
also by hiding your strongest point of attack until you 
see an opening that would be suitable for you to con¬ 
centrate on. 

Play for his neck, body, feet, and in fact every part of 
him until you find the part where he offers the weakest 
[ 29 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


defense. Then prepare to attack. Feint him into the 
position you want him and watch for an opening. Feint 
a hold that will leave him open to just the position where 
his defense will be weakest. Try and secure a more com¬ 
plicated hold or a combination of holds that you have 
perfected. 

There is more importance to feinting than the average 
wrestler realizes. I will try and give you a few examples 
and a clearer idea as to just how it should be done. Seize 
your opponent in some particular hold opposite to the 
one in which you intend to throw him. Make him believe 
you really intend to throw him with that particular hold. 
As soon as he conceives your intentions and offers to 
resist your efforts, be prepared to catch him in a more 
serious combination of holds. Another example—when 
on the mat with your opponent working over you, extend 
one arm a little further out to the side than usual. This 
will leave a possible opening for one of the Nelson holds 
where one of his arms will slip under your armpit and 
in back of your neck. As soon as he applies such a hold 
be prepared to counter with a side roll. 

You should exercise a great deal of caution as to whether 
your opponent is feigning or not. It happens very 
often that an adversary feigns defeat, and of course it is 
only natural to allow your thoughts to dwell on an easy 
victory. Do not fall into this trap, for you may be in 
serious danger of defeat. Just when you are congratulat¬ 
ing yourself, thinking you are on the high road to victory 
and success, always remember one of you will win and 
the other will lose. Make up your mind before you start 
that you will defeat him regardless of how many defenses 
he offers. 


[30] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


When working on the mat pay particular attention as to 
how you hold your hands and feet. Never leave your 
fingers sticking out, for if you do your opponent may 
grasp them and you are liable to suffer a broken finger. 
Keep your fingers under the palms of your hands in a 
sort of half clenched position. The position of your feet 
is also important while down on the mat. You should 
be in a sort of half sitting posture—that is, your hips 
should almost be touching your heels. This will prevent 
your opponent from securing a toe hold on you. Keep 
your toes turned half way in when resting flat on the mat, 
and never allow them to stick out to the sides. Keep your 
elbows close to your body and slightly bent. Don’t keep 
your head too far up—neither should you keep it too low, 
as this will afford an opportunity for your opponent to 
secure a Nelson hold on you. When on the mat with your 
adversary working over you, you stand more chance of 
securing a hold on him than he does on you. Watch his 
every move, and if he tries for a Nelson hold be prepared 
to counter with a side roll. 

When standing, look out for trips. If you find that you 
are encountering a wrestler who is faster on his feet than 
you are, try to get him on the mat. Avoid his feet above 
everything else and, again I repeat, when attacked, not 
only block your opponent’s advance but watch for open¬ 
ings so that you may be able to bring a successful com¬ 
bination of holds into the operation. 

Before attempting to practice any of the holds described 
in this book, I would advise you to study all the illustra¬ 
tions first until you are thoroughly accustomed to all of 
them. This will make it much easier and quicker to mas¬ 
ter them. Practice all the holds and escapes that are 
used when in a standing position, also the ones applied 
[ 31 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


while on the mat. Pay special attention to the blocks, 
counters and escapes that are described and make sure 
that you understand their true meaning. 

You must find a partner to train with. I suggest you get 
one who is clever and who is strong enough to give you 
a vigorous workout. After you have become accustomed 
to the various holds, etc., I would advise you to visit a 
few gymnasiums where you will meet wrestlers of all 
weights and classes. Pay particular attention to the 
clever ones and watch their every move. Remember, you 
can learn a lot from men who do things, and if you will 
carefully observe someone who knows more about wres¬ 
tling than you do it would help you greatly in making the 
most of your ambitions. 

If possible, while training always wrestle with someone 
who is a little heavier and faster than you are. In order 
to keep up with him you will have to work fast and hard. 
This is essential in order to succeed. The harder you 
work while training, the more staying power you will 
develop, and when put to a test in a real encounter you 
will be successful. 

There are a great many holds that are torturous, and you 
are liable to break your partner’s bones or sprain his liga¬ 
ments severely unless you use great care in the manipu¬ 
lation. This especially applies to the toe hold and ham¬ 
mer-lock, for these two holds are dangerous, and it re¬ 
quires but very little effort on your part to cause a serious 
injury. 

The scissor hold is another that may cause internal in¬ 
jury unless you apply it with care. While you are train¬ 
ing and working as hard and as fast as you can, you 
should be careful not to become enthusiastic to such an 
extent that either you or your partner will be injured, 
[ 32 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


for there is always a possible chance of hurting yourself 
if you strenuously resist a hold when applied to you. 

I suggest you study and master the simple holds first be¬ 
fore any attempt is made toward the more complicated 
holds and combinations. Be satisfied to go along slowly. 
Don’t be too hasty—remember haste makes waste—so 
take your time at the start. Do not try to master all the 
holds in one day, but advance gradually. Take one hold 
at a time, study it and practice it for a week. Then take 
another, and so on. At the end of each month review 
the work you have previously mastered, and if you have 
the time review the holds every week. 

Do not expect to throw your partner with every hold you 
take. The main thing you need is practice, such as push¬ 
ing and tugging, and you will find out for yourself that 
practice is absolutely necessary. Practicing the holds 
alone won’t get you very far, but you should apply them 
with speed and accuracy. Have your partner apply the 
holds to you and then you can put your cleverness and 
resisting powers to the test. 

Time yourself and see how long you can wrestle before 
you are winded. Practice the wrestler’s bridge, and while 
practicing this bridge see that your head touches the floor 
nearer your forehead than the back of your neck. In 
other words, do not simply raise it with your feet and 
the back of your head, but endeavor to obtain a good arch 
in your back, for this will give you a better leverage. This 
will strengthen the neck and lower back muscles. 

Ask your opponent continually to inform you whether 
your position when wrestling is weak and whether your 
defense is strong enough. It is these little things that 
are important, and it would be a good thing for you to 
pay attention to all of them. Your partner is better able 
[ 33 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


to tell you whether you make mistakes or not; also 
whether you are leaving any dangerous openings. 

A good idea would be to allow your partner to secure a 
hold on you. It really does not matter which hold he 
chooses. Then try your speed and see if you are on time 
in blocking his moves. This will give you good practice 
and will make you very fast in reading your opponent’s 
intentions. You must find out for yourself the different 
little ways of blocking and employing the holds. 

Do not be satisfied with blocking the holds alone, but let 
your partner secure them and see how fast and strong you 
are in breaking them. Study the different plans of at¬ 
tack. If you master more than one method of attack 
and defense, you will have much more science and clever¬ 
ness with which to puzzle your opponent. It would be 
impossible to illustrate every position in which a wrestler 
finds himself, whether he is on the defensive or the ag¬ 
gressive. Many of the holds can be applied easier from 
one angle than from another, and it is up to you to study 
the different angles. 

A great deal of importance lies in how you carry your 
body, and how you use it in the leverage holds. For 
instance—if you grasp your opponent’s knee you will 
have less leverage to your advantage than if you took hold 
of his ankle. The farther away from the main body you 
apply your attack, the easier will be the efforts. 

There seems to be a lot of difficulty in making the muscles 
respond to the call of the brain. This requires consider¬ 
able practice before you can master it. If you practice 
all the holds with speed, and try your escapes and watch 
for openings and seize them at once, you will have co¬ 
ordination in your muscles that is more than ordinary. 

[ 34 ] 




The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


Speed is the main thing, and you will find out for your¬ 
self how many openings you let escape you. When you 
are in a tight place there may be a fraction of a second 
that your opponent’s thoughts are centered elsewhere, 
and if your muscles are not fast enough to co-operate 
with your brain, you stand but little chance in success¬ 
fully escaping. 

Don’t let anyone tell you wrestling is easy. If you find 
it so you are not really wrestling or using the same amount 
of effort that is required. It is hard work and it will 
develop you to a remarkable degree, even if you do not 
indulge in any other form of exercise. However, if you 
combine wrestling with scientific systematic training, 
there is nothing that will keep you from becoming a 
remarkable specimen of physical development. 

Your training must be done with intelligence, and it must 
be progressive, and if you do not understand the funda¬ 
mentals of systematic training, I advise you to consult 
someone who is well versed on this subject. Whether 
you train for development and strength with heavy 
weights or some apparatus, you must progress. You 
must work harder and harder each week, and I sincerely 
advise you to secure the exercising paraphernalia that 
will offer you strenuous resistance. 

I do not claim that the student should devote his entire 
time spent in physical training to wrestling exclusively, 
but he should adopt some form of systematic exercising in 
conjunction with his wrestling, for much more rapid re¬ 
sults will be accomplished when scientific training meth¬ 
ods are applied as far as muscular development is con¬ 
cerned. 

Do not become “chesty” because you are a wrestler. Never 
take advantage of the weak by your experience, unless you 
[ 35 ] 



The Science of Wrestling and the Art of Jiu-Jitsu 


are forced to do so in self-defense. Do not experiment 
with the Jiu-Jitsu or wrestling tricks shown in this book 
on one who has never seen them, simply to show your 
skill, unless you wish to break your friend’s bones, for 
I have known instances like this where serious conse¬ 
quences have resulted. Always listen to advice from 
those who know, and don’t take things for granted, but 
find out first whether the advice is based on scientific 
principles or not. 




OFFICIAL WRESTLING RULES of 
THE AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION 

Catch-as-Catch-Can 

Section 1. In all wrestling competitions the ring shall 
not be less than 16 feet nor more than 24 feet square, 
and shall be formed of posts and ropes, the latter extend¬ 
ing in triple lines, 2, 3 and 4 feet from the floor of the 
ring. The floor of the ring shall extend beyond the lower 
rope for a distance of not less than 2 feet. Posts must 
be properly padded and padding on floor shall be not less 
than one-half inch in thickness. 

Sec. 2. Competitors must wrestle in regulation trunks 
and may wear light slippers or rubbers without heels. 

Sec. 3. Classes to be: 108 lbs. and under; 115 lbs. 
and under; 125 lbs. and under; 135 lbs. and under; 
145 lbs. and under; 158 lbs. and under; 175 lbs. and 
under; and over 175 lbs. 

Sec. 4. An athlete who fails to compete after entering 
an event shall be required to furnish a satisfactory excuse 
for such failure or render himself liable to censure or 
suspension by the local Registration Committee. Any 
athlete who weighs in and then fails to compete without 
an excuse satisfactory to the Registration Committee shall 
be suspended for a period of six months. Competitors 
shall weigh in within three hours of a contest. Weigh¬ 
ing in shall cease in each class when the drawing for 
bouts in that class commences. Competitors shall sign 
their names to a weighing list upon weighing in and 
whenever demanded by the Referee. 

Sec. 5. The Wrestling Committee of each Association 
of the Amateur Athletic Union shall prepare an official 
[ 37 ] 


Official Wrestling Rules 


list of competent wrestling officials to serve as Referees, 
Weighers, Timers, Announcers, and Clerks of Wrestling. 
All tournaments must be conducted by officials selected 
from this official list. 

Sec. 6. A fall shall terminate the bout and in no case 
shall the duration of a preliminary bout exceed 10 min¬ 
utes. A fall shall terminate the final bout which in no 
case shall exceed 15 minutes. If no fall has been ob¬ 
tained by either contestant at the termination of the bout, 
the Referee must award the bout to the competitor who 
shows the best qualities, or who has acted mostly upon the 
aggressive. 

Sec. 7. Both shoulders shall be pinned to the floor at 
the same time to constitute a fall. Any hold, grip, lock 
or trip allowed except the hammer-lock, strangle, full 
Nelson and toe holds. Striking, kicking, gouging, hair 
pulling, butting, strangling, or anything that endangers 
life or limb will not be allowed. 

Sec. 8. Immediately before the contest competitors 
who have weighed in shall draw numbers to determine 
the bouts they take part in. The drawing to be as follows: 
Have the first preliminary bout to reduce the number 
of competitors to 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on. (Thus, if there 
are three competitors, have one preliminary bout to re¬ 
duce to two; if five, have one bout to reduce to four; if 
six, have two bouts to reduce to four; if seven, have three 
bouts to reduce to four; if nine, have one bout to reduce 
to eight; if ten, have two bouts to reduce to eight; if 
eleven, have three bouts to reduce to eight, and so on.) 
Competitors drawing a bye on the first drawing on each 
day shall receive the lowest numbers on the second draw¬ 
ing. Thus, if there be one bye drawn, such competitor 
shall receive number 1; if two byes are drawn such com- 
[ 38 ] 




Official Wrestling Rules 


petitors shall receive numbers 1 and 2 for the second 
drawing, and if there be three byes, such competitors 
shall receive the numbers 1, 2 and 3 in the second draw¬ 
ing. In all drawings where numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so 
on are drawn, number 1 competes with number 2, 3 with 
4, and so. on. When the class is brought to a multiple 
of 2, 4, 8 or 16, the contest proceeds regularly to the 
final bout. Where the competition is not concluded in 
one day, there shall be a new drawing for each subsequent 
round of bouts started on a following day. The winner 
of the final bout receives first prize and the loser receives 
second prize. 

Sec. 9. Each competitor shall be entitled to the assist¬ 
ance of two seconds only, and no advice or coaching 
shall be given to any competitor by either of his seconds 
or by any other person during the progress of any bout. 
For a violation of this section the Referee may disqualify 
the competitor who is so advised or coached. 

Sec. 10. If a competitor refuses to break any hold 
when so ordered by the Referee, he may be disqualified 
by the Referee. 

Sec. 11. The Referee shall have full control of the 
competition and his decision shall be final and without 
appeal. 

Sec. 12. No bandages of any kind shall be used on 
hands, arms or head. 

Sec. 13. Any athlete who competes in a wrestling con¬ 
test of longer duration than provided for in these rules 
shall be suspended for such period as the Registration 
Committee shall decide. 

Sec. 14. In the event of any question arising not pro- 

139 ] 




Official Wrestling Rules 


vided for in these rules, the Referee shall have full power 
to decide such question and also interpret these rules. 

Sec. 15. If one shoulder of either contestant goes off 
the mat in a wrestling bout, the Referee shall be em¬ 
powered to order the men to break their holds and go 
back to the center of the mat, with the man who was on 
top when the contestants left the mat assuming the upper 
position again. In the event of the Referee being unable 
to determine which man had the upper position when 
they both left the mat, he shall be empowered to order 
them to assume the standing attitude in the center of the 
mat. 

WRESTLING RULES 
Catch-as-Catch-Can (or Lancashire Style ) 

The Catch-as-Catch-Can style of wrestling is now the most 
popular branch of the pastime. 

Opponents may grasp any part of each other’s body. 

No form of strangling is permitted, unless especially 
agreed to by the principals. Before each match the an¬ 
nouncement is usually made, “strangle hold barred.” 

Neither contestant is allowed to rub any oil or grease on 
his body. 

Seconds must not touch their man during a bout. Neither 
shall they give him advice until a resting period is 
reached. 

The stakes go with the referee’s decision in every event. 

Contestants shall be allowed 10 minutes between each 
bout. 

A fall is scored against a man when both shoulders touch 
the floor at the same time. 




Official Wrestling Rules 


A single arm may be pressed against an opponent’s throat, 
but the free arm or hand must not touch any part of the 
opponent’s head or neck. 

The referee shall slap on back or shoulders the wrestler 
securing a fall, so that the under man will not be strained 
by being held too long in a possibly painful position. 

When a wrestler refuses to continue a contest at the ref¬ 
eree’s command, the decision and stakes shall be awarded 
to his antagonist. 

When wrestlers roll off a mat, under the ropes, or foul 
the boundary lines in any way, they shall be ordered to 
the middle of the mat by the referee and to resume the 
holds they had obtained when moved. (In some bouts 
the men are allowed to stand and begin anew in this 
emergency.) 

Biting and scratching are fouls. 

The timers shall announce when limited time bouts are 
within three minutes of the end and then shall call off 
every minute. He may divide the last minute into halves 
or quarters if he so desires. 

Rolling falls do not count. 

The referee shall decide all questions that are not covered 
by these regulations. 

Groeco-Roman (French Style) 

The Graeco-Roman style of wrestling is very similar to the 
Catch-as-Catch-Can or Lancashire method. 

Catching hold of the legs (holds below the waist) is 
barred. 

Tripping constitutes a foul. 

[ 41 ] 




Official Wrestling Rules 


The rules of the catch-as-catch-can style that do not con¬ 
flict with the foregoing regulations may be followed for 
further guidance. 

Collar and Elbow Rules 

Contestants must wear shirt, short jacket with a strong 
collar, sleeves well sewed in. 

Contestants shall grasp each other’s collar with right 
hand, opposite left ear. 

Contestants must not change position of hands on collars 
until a fall is scored. 

Changing the grip on collar or moving the hand is a foul 
and loses a fall. 

Two shoulders and one hip or two hips and one shoulder 
must touch the floor at the same time to constitute a fall. 

Kicking is foul. 

Butting is foul. 

Contestants shall not be allowed to rest during bout un¬ 
less special circumstances arise, when agreement by sec¬ 
onds of both men is necessary to make the pause rulable. 

Rubber-soled shoes, or shoes of some other light material 
should be worn. 


Side Hold Wrestling 

Contestants must wear a set of strong leather harness 
reaching from neck to elbow and from shoulder to waist. 

Choice of holds shall be decided by toss. The “right and 
over” or “left and under” are at the disposal of the 
winner. 

“Right and over” means to grasp an adversary’s harness 
[ 42 ] 



Official Wrestling Rules 


back of right shoulder with right hand, seizing opponent’s 
right hand with the left. 

“Left and under” means to seize an opponent’s harness 
at the left side of the waist with the left hand and his 
left hand with the right. 

Kicking is foul, forfeiting the match if serious enough. 
Contestants shall stand side by side. 

The original grips must be held. To break or change 
a hold means the loss of a fall. 

A fall occurs when a man’s two shoulders strike the 
floor at the same time. 

From fifteen to twenty minutes may be allowed between 
falls. No rest is permitted before a fall results. 

Cumberland and Westmoreland Wrestling 
Contestants take hold and stand chest to chest. 

Each man rests his chin on his opponent’s shoulder. 
Each grasps the other around the body. The left arm 
of each is placed above his opponent’s right. 

Kicking is barred. 

Each man must retain the original hold throughout. 
Loosening the hold loses the fall, provided the other man 
retains hold. 

When a man touches the floor with any part of his body 
(except his feet, of course) he loses the fall. 

When both men fall to the floor, the first one to strike 
it loses the fall. 

“Dog falls” (when both men fall at the same time, so 
that the referee cannot decide which touches first) are 
to be wrestled over again. 





Martin Ludecke 


Middleweight Champion of Central America and former Metropolitan Champion of New York. 
(The author is indebted to Mr. Ludecke for his part in posing 
for the photographs in this book.) 


[ 44 ] 




THE SCIENCE OF 

WRESTLING 



Shaking Hands 

This is one of the rules in which the wrestling bout begins. The referee usually 
gives the order of shaking hands; the men step back after that, and then start to 

wrestle. 


[ 46 ] 





PLATE 6 


Starting a Reverse Slip Lock 

Reach for opponent’s left wrist. Pull his hand away from the side of your neck where 
he placed it in the referee’s hold, shown in Plate No. 2, at the same time use your right 
hand in pushing his face sideways, and away from you. 


[ 51 ] 








Continued From Plate No. 6 

Turn your body clear around in front of your opponent and bring your right arm from 
the back over his left arm, lock it tightly and lift him from the floor, as shown above. 


[ 52 ] 












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r 53 ] 











Wrist and Further Ankle Loek 

This is started from referee’s hold shown in Plate No. 2, by reaching for your opponent’s 
left wrist with your right hand. Pull it downward, at the same time throwing your 
left elbow over and inside of his left arm-pit. 


[ 54 ] 








ri-M ic. i u 

Wrist and Further Ankle Lock (Continued) 

Dive in under opponent’s left arm as shown above. Lock it tightly, and at the same 
time reach for his right ankle with your left hand. 


[ 55 ] 











Wrist and Further Ankle Lock (Continued) 

This is the third position shown retaining the same holds on your opponent. Start to 
sit back, throwing your right leg out and falling into a sitting position, as shown above. 


[ 56 ] 







N 


[ 57 ] 


The Fall From Wrist and Further Ankle Lock 

Your opponent is brought to the floor as shown in Plate No. 11. Maintain the hold on his left wrist, but let go on his right ankle 
with your left hand. Throw your left arm around his right leg and reach in back of his neck. He will be unable to bridge out 

of this position. 













Waist and Hammer Lock Standing 

Take hold of opponent’s right wrist with your right hand. Raise his arm upwards, step 
in under his arm and in back of him. Twist his wrist upward. Secure a waist lock 
with your left arm and bring your man to the ground. 


[ 58 ] 





PLATE 14 

Flying Mare 


From a standing position, raise your opponent’s arm and duck in under his arm. 
Place your back securely against his hips. 


[ 59 ] 






Flying Mare (Continued) 


PLATE 15 


This position shows your opponent while in the air, and just a little forward bending 
will bring him to the ground with a very hard fall. Keep his arm straight. 







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[ 61 ] 
















Counter Hold for the Flying Mare 

Should your opponent secure the arm hold for a Flying Mare—holding your right arm 
over his right shoulder, move quickly to his left side, at the same time locking your 
right arm around his head. Sink your arm-pit into the back of his neck. 


[ 62 ] 





PLATE 18 • 

Complete Counter for Flying Mare (Continued) 

By stepping quickly to the left around your opponent, you can easily secure a head 
lock and counter your adversary’s Flying Mare as shown above. From this position, 

you may bring him down for a fall. 


[ 63 ] 







Standing Side Head Lock or Side Chancery 

The opportunity to secure this hold may be afforded from the referee’s hold, shown 
on Plate No. 2, by slipping your left arm around your opponent’s neck, stepping side¬ 
ways at the same time and locking both of your hands. 

[64] 






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[ 65 ] 



















Counter for Side Head Lock or Side Chancery 

When opponent has secured side head lock, reach down in back of his left leg with 
your left arm and raise it upwards. At the same time keep his waist locked with 
your other arm, and you can easily secure a fall from this, position by throwing your¬ 
self down on your right side, and bringing his shoulders to the mat. 

[ 66 ] 










Start of Back Heel and Waist Lock 

Raise opponent’s right or left arm, whichever you have the opportunity to take, and 
dive under with your head as shown above. 


[ 67 ] 









Back Heel and Waist Lock (Continued) 

By dropping forward and tripping opponent as shown above, you can easily bring him 

to the mat. 


[ 68 ] 





[ 69 ] 


Fall From Back Heel and Waist Lock 

After tripping your opponent to the mat from previous position, disengage your arm from around his waist and reach for further 
leg and double it as far as possible; that is, bring his knee towards his face. Hold his arm firmly to the mat and thereby secure 

a fall. 
















Back Heel and Leg Hold 

This position is acquired from the referee’s hold, as shown in Plate No. 2. Bring your 
left arm over opponent’s head and in back of his left arm and reach downward for 

his leg, and pull same upward. 


[ 70 ] 











Back Heel and Leg Hold (Continued) 

You now have 'wur opponent’s left leg raised upwards and by holding the heel of his 
' lith your left leg, it will be easy now to bring him to the ground 

\ by flooring him backwards. 






Counter for Back Heel and Leg Hold 


PLATE 27 


If your adversary starts to make a move, as shown in Plate No. 25, he is open for the 
same hold. You can counter with it by a quick move and so get in - «hown 

in Plate No. 26. In this case both of you will have practically the \ 
can, in this event, follow it up with a fall as shown in Plate,' 


[ 72 ] 






[ 73 ] 


Inside Leg and Arm Drop 

This is started from the referee’s hold by placing your right hand on opponent’s left shoulder from the inside and dropping sud¬ 
denly on your left knee and ducking your head under his body. At the same time, take hold of his left knee with your left hand 

and pull downward on his left arm. 











Inside Leg and Arm Drop (Continued) 

This position shows that by pulling further downward on your opponent’s left arm and 
raising his left leg, you have him almost thrown. It is important that you shift the 
position of your legs by dropping on your right knee and bring up your left. This 
will give you a better balance and makes the lifting of your opponent much easier. 


[ 74 ] 






[ 75 ] 


Fall From Inside Leg and Arm Drop 

Your opponent is now brought to the mat from position shown in Plate No. 29. Let go of his left leg, bring up his further or right 
leg and bring your right arm in back of his neck. Double him up and lock both your hands, thereby pinning both of his 

shoulders to the mat. 













Double Leg Dive 

When possible, make a quick dive for your opponent’s legs as shown above. This is a 
simple manner of bringing him to the mat, for as soon as you secure a grip of his 
legs, you immediately heave him and at the same time trip him. 


[ 76 ] 




PLATE 32 


Counter for Double Leg Dive 

When your opponent takes hold of both your legs, push his head down with your right 
hand and bring your left hand in under his right arm, thereby securing a Standing 
Quarter Nelson, from which position you can easily force him to the mat. 





PLATE 33 

Guard for Leg Dive 

When opponent makes a move to dive for your legs, reach with either hand for oppo¬ 
nent’s opposite shoulder, with the front part of your elbow underneath his chin. This 
will raise his face upwards and prevent him diving for your legs. To strengthen this 
hold grasp his other arm near the shoulder. 

[ 78 ] 






PLATE 34 

Standing Crotch and Half Nelson 


This hold can be secured from the referee’s hold shown on Plate No. 2, by throw¬ 
ing your opponent’s left arm over your head, and shifting your left hand into a Half 
Nelson; at the same time reach with your right arm between his crotch around his 
outside Jeg, bringing your right shoulder well under his body. Then lift him up and 

bring him to the mat. 








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[ 82 ] 

























Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar 

Starting from referee’s hold (Plate No. 2) pull your opponent’s head in under your 
right arm, bring his right arm up with your left, pull your right leg away back and 
drop on the knee, forcing his shoulder backward with your left arm. 


[83] 





[ 84 ] 


Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar Hold (Continued) 

Bear heavily upon your opponent’s neck with your head lock and force strongly with the bar on his right arm. In this 

can bring him to the mat and secure a fall. 







PLATE 40 


Counter for Standing Head Lock or Chancery and Bar 

When your opponent has secured the above hold, reach down quickly for his right 
leg with your left arm, pull strongly upward, thereby forcing him to break his hold. 


[ 85 ] 





Start of Waist Lock From Behind 


This hold can be secured from referee’s hold, as shown in Plate No. 2, by reaching 
over opponent’s head with your left arm. Next bring it down over his left arm and 
quickly swing yourself in back of him and secure a waist lock. Push his left arm 
downward and to the left with your right arm so that you may pass him more easily. 

[86] 





PLATE 42 


Waist Lock From Behind (Continued) 

By swinging quickly around your opponent as explained on previous page (Plate No. 
41), you easily secure the waist lock from behind. Lift your opponent clear from 
the mat and bring him down forcibly. 


[87] 






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[ 88 ] 












PLATE 46 

Standing Double Wrist Lock With Back Heel 

This hold can be secured from referee’s hold by taking hold of your opponent’s left 
wrist with your right hand. Bring your left arm over his head and in back of his left 
arm and grasp your right wrist. At the same time, step in back of your opponent’s 
left knee with your left leg and force him backwards to the mat. 

[ 91 ] 












[ 92 ] 


Standing Double Wrist Lock With Back Heel (Continued) 

You will now have your opponent on the mat in the above position, after you have back-heeled him to a sitting posture. Retain 

the double wrist lock on his arm and force his shoulders backward to the mat. 












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[ 93 ] 






















Counter for Standing Double Wrist Lock 

When your opponent starts a double wrist lock, as shown in Plate No. 44, before he 
is able to push your arm upwards too far, take hold of your left hand with your right 
and break his hold. Retain your hold and pull his arm further up into a reverse bar 
hold and thereby put him to the mat. 

[94] 






PLATE 50 


Countering a Counter for a Standing |^pul)le Wrist Lock 

As shown in Plate 49, where your hold has been counter'll by your opponent, you can 
grapevine your left leg around his right leg, thereby giving you greater leverage. This 
will block his counter and afford you the chance of bringing him to the mat. 


[ 95 ] 







[96] 











m 



[ 97 ] 


Double Wrist Lock With Side Roll (Continued) 

This shows the second position. While rolling your opponent sideways, endeavor to pin his shoulders to the mat. You must retain 

your double wrist lock throughout the roll. 













[ 98 ] 


Fall From Double Wrist Lock With Side Roll 

you roll your opponent, you will be on top and then you can pin his shoulders to the mat, as shown above. Quickly throw 

your body over his and kneel on his arm, retaining of course your double wrist lock hold. 










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[ 101 ] 


Double Wrist Lock With Bridge 

When your opponent is on top of you, as shown in Plate No. 51, with a waist hold, take his left arm and secure a double wrist 
lock on it. Then, force it upwards and backwards, and at the same time roll yourself over into a bridge (raising both shoulders 

from the mat), thereby forcing your opponent down on his shoulders. 




















PLATE 57 

Cross-Buttock and Waist Lock 

This hold can be secured from positions as shown in Plate No. 2. Hold your opponent’s 
left arm with your right hand just above the elbow, and slip your left in under his 
right arm and around the waist. Pull his left arm toward you and shift your left 
hip quickly in back of him, heave him upwards and drop him to the mat. 

[ 102 ] 





Hip Lock 


This hold can be secured from positions shown on Plate No. 2. Shift your right hand 
to opponent’s left wrist and bring your left arm around his neck. Shift the back of 
your left hip against the right side of your opponent and bring him sideways to the mat. 





Starting a Quarter Nelson 

Push your opponent’s head down as you would when taking any kind of a Nelson hold. 
To get better leverage it is well for you to put your outside foot on the mat so as 

to be well braced. 


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[ 105 1 


Quarter Nelson 

When securing a Quarter Nelson, hold the outside hand always on back of your opponent’s, head. Next you should reach in 
under your adversary’s right arm and take hold of your own wrist and in that manner start to bring your man down. In the 
above plate the bottom man has locked the aggressor’s left arm in back of his elbow, thereby starting a counter hold which is 

shown on Plate No. 61. 














[ 106 ] 


Care should be taken to prevent your opponent from countering as shown above. In this case the under man has rolled the top 
man sideways on his back. To start this move, the bottom man shifts his right knee all the way forward, then locks the aggressor’s 
left arm in back of the elbow as shown on Plate No. 60, and sits backwards, thereby forcing opponent and gaining a fall. 




















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[ 109 ] 


























[ 110 ] 


This hold is a counter when your man makes an attempt to roll you sideways with a waist lock. Shift a little to the front and 
bring opponent’s arm up into a Bar Hammer as shown above. From this position you can force him to his shoulders on the mat 

without much difficulty. 






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[ 111 ] 









[ 112 ] 


Escape From Half Nelson 

When your opponent secures a Half Nelson on you, simply shift quickly to a sitting position as shown above. 















[ 113 ] 


Escape From Half Nelson (Continued) 

After you have assumed a sitting position in your endeavor to escape from a Half Nelson, turn quickly out of his hold. You will 

then be in a position as shown above, ready to resume attack on your adversary. 












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[ 114 ] 











[ 115 ] 


Side Roll Counter for Half Nelson 

When your opponent secures a Half Nelson on you as shown on P'ate No. 66, lock his right arm to your body, move your inside 

knee forward and roll sideways^ moving your man under you and gaining a fall. 

















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[ 120 ] 












[ 121 ] 


Combined Head and Leg Lock 

After forcing your opponent’s head down with your left hand, reach under his body with your right arm and across his neck 
with your left hand, lock both your hands, and at the same time lock opponent’s left leg with your right leg, as shown above. 






















[ 122 ] 











[ 123 ] 


Inside Grapevine 

Slip your right leg on the inside of your opponent’s, locking it as shown above. At the same time grasp opponent’s right toe. 







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[ 124 ] 












[ 125 ] 


Fall From Inside Grapevine 

The start of this hold is shown on Plate No. 78. Sit sideways, with the inside Grapevine on your opponent’s right leg. At the 
same time bring his left leg up while retaining your Grapevine hold. Force his legs apart and hold his left arm to the mat, thereby 

securing a fall. 













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[1271 


Step-Over Toe Hold (Continued) 

After stepping over your opponent’s right leg with your left, drop quickly to your knee and double up his leg, as shown above, 

twisting the toes toward your left side, thereby making him give up for a fall. 











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[ 131 ] 


Hammer Lock and Half Nelson 

This combination is started from position shown on Plate No. 84. As you have pulled your opponent down on his left shoulder 
swing clear over him to the other side, retaining your Hammer Lock. Then quickly take the Half Nelson with your right arm 

and force him over on both shoulders. 






















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Side Bar Hold 


PLATE 89 


Secure a Bar Hold from the side with your left arm under opponent’s left arm. Pull 
him over on his right side while retaining your Bar Hold. 


[ 134 ] 






[ 135 ] 


Leg and Arm Lock 

This combination hold is started from the Side Bar Hold as in Plate No. 89. After forcing your opponent to his right side with 
the Bar Hold, throw your left leg over opponent’s left forearm and shoulder, doubling up his arm and forcing the shoulder down. 
Bring your right leg over your left foot so as to increase the leverage and at the same time force opponent’s elbow upward, thereby 

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[ 149 ] 


Leg Lock on Arm (Continued) 

From position explained on previous page, next reach for your opponent’s right arm and force him down for a fall. 












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[ 151 ] 


Waist Hold and Wrist Grip 

While working on your opponent, secure Waist Lock with right arm and kneel on your right knee. Grasp his left wrist and raise 

his left arm and pull it around your waist. 










[ 152 ] 


Sitting Up From Waist Hold and Wrist Grip 

After throwing your right leg forward and assuming a sitting position, at the same time pull your opponent’s left arm around your 

waist and raise his right arm upwards and bring your adversary over. 










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[ 153 ] 


Fall From Sitting Up Waist Hold and Wrist Grip 

After having pulled your opponent clear over, with his left arm under your waist, force the right arm over and gain a fall by 

pinning both his shoulders to the mat. 









Standing Arm Lock and Leg Block 

This hold can be secured from the hold shown on Plate No. 2. Bring your right 
arm over opponent’s left, reach with your left in under opponent’s right arm-pit with 
your right foot blocking opponent’s left foot and fall backwards. As soon as your 
opponent hits the mat, turn him over quickly. 


[ 154 ] 





[ 161 ] 










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[ 164 ] 









[ 165 ] 


Further Arm and Bar Hold (Continued) 

Having secured a Bar lock on your opponent and pulling toward you on his further arm, force him over on his shoulders. 













[ 166 ] 


Fall From Further Arm and Bar 

The above shows a fall secured from Further Arm and Bar Hold. By pulling on his further arm and pushing against his shoulder, 

you can easily secure a fall. 




















THE ART OF 

JIU-JITSU 




THE ART of JIU-JITSU 

Jiu-Jitsu is the Japanese art of self-defense, and is the 
most dangerous style of wrestling. If you are accustomed 
to this particular style, you will find it exceedingly easy 
to overpower a much stronger man than yourself, espe¬ 
cially if you are forced to use it in self-defense. There 
are certain holds in Jiu-Jitsu that resemble the Catch- 
as-Catch-Can style. If you wish to develop speed of the 
highest degree, I suggest you take up this style of wres¬ 
tling. You will find you will have to be about twice as 
fast in escaping from your opponent’s attacks in this 
method. Be very careful when practicing any of the bone¬ 
breaking holds, for if you are the least bit careless a seri¬ 
ous injury is liable to be the result. 

This form of wrestling is a great test for your temper. 
When you are in a dangerous position and lose your head, 
you stand little chance of escaping and you are in great 
danger of becoming seriously injured. Therefore, be 
game at all times, and remember Jiu-Jitsu is not to be 
fooled with. 

Be exceedingly careful when you practice these holds 
with your opponent. Always tell him just what you are 
going to do before you do it. Keep this knowledge of 
Jiu-Jitsu in your head to be used only in the case of 
emergency when you may be attacked by a rough-neck, 
and then bear in mind that there is no necessity of break¬ 
ing your opponent’s limbs if you can overpower him 
otherwise. There is always a limit to the amount of re¬ 
sistance a person can offer, and it is not for you to judge 
as to what extent it is safe for you to enforce. 

You should not become discouraged if you find it difficult 
to perform these Jiu-Jitsu holds, for it takes a lot of 
patience and practice to get the right knack, leverage and 
balance. 


[1691 



PLATE 122 

Should you be attacked in the street and grabbed around the waist bv your opponent 
and held tightly in a clinch, reach up with either hand to his face and force two of 
your fingers into his eyes. With this pressure your opponent will soon release his hold. 


[ 170 ] 





PLATE 123 

hould anyone attack you and grab hold of your coat lapels with both hands,^ defend 
>urself by throwing both of your hands upward and inside of your opponent’s arms, 
forcing them outward as shown in Plate No. 123. 


[ 171 ] 





PLATE 124 


From this position you can easily force your left arm up and around your opponent’s 
right arm as shown in Photo No. 124. This will cause him intense pain, which will 

cause him to surrender. 


[ 172 ] 






PLATE 125 

Bring your hands upwards as shown in Plate No. 125, throw your left arm around 
your opponent’s right arm, and reach for his further coat lapel, putting pressure on it and 
place your right hand on opponent’s right side of face, forcing face sideways. You 
will then have him completely at your mercy. 








[ 173 ] 





PLATE 126 


Should a person reach towards his hip pocket for a gun or any weapon with his 
right hand, stop him quickly and prevent him from raising his hand as shown above. 

Secure a firm grip on his wrist. 


[ 174 ] 




PLATE 127 

Next, quickly bring in, your right hand, grasping opponent’s elbow, hold same by forcing 
his wrist up with your left hand as shown above. 


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[ 175 ] 







PLATE 128 

While still retaining hold on his elbow, you now can punish your opponent as shown 
in above photo. Slide your left hand upwards in back of his right arm and force him 
down. His wrist will then lie in the crotch of your left elbow. Keep your body close 
to him and if he still resists, just force his wrist away and upward from his body. 
This will cause him severe pain and make him helpless. 

[176] 





PLATE 129 

Another way of defending yourself, if a person reaches for his pocket to get a weapon, 
is shown above. Grasp your opponent’s right wrist with your left hand, reach with 
your right arm over in back of his right arm, take hold of your own wrist and force 

his arm backwards as above. 


[ 177 ] 






PLATE 130 

Then straighten out your opponent’s locked arm, forcing your arm upwards against his 
elbow joint as shown above. This will cause your adversary enough pain to make 

him give up quickly. 


[ 178 ] 















PLATE 131 


When held up with a gun, step quickly towards the left side, and at the same time take 
hold of the attacker’s right wrist with the left hand, as shown above, shoving it side¬ 
ways so that you are out of the way of fire. 


[ 179 ] 










PLATE 132 

Then follow up with your right hand, turn the pointed gun into your opponent’s face 
as shown above. By continual twisting of his wrist, you will soon have him disarmed. 
This movement requires speed, and much practice may be necessary before this hold is 

perfected. 


[ 180 ] 









PLATE 133 

Should a person make a move to strike you with his left fist, grasp his right wrist 

quickly and step forward, as shown above. 


[ 181 ] 









PLATE 134 

Pull his arm toward you, then quickly reach over his right arm with your left arm, 
bring it underneath, reaching for your right wrist, tighten up on the hold and force 
against your adversary’s elbow joint. This will render him powerless. 


[ 182 ] 








PLATE 135 


Another method, if attacked as shown in Plate No. 133: Instead of pulling your oppo¬ 
nent’s arm toward you, bring it upwards and reach in under his arm for his further 
coat lapel. Bring the back of his elbow across your left arm, forcing his hand down¬ 
ward and twisting his wrist outward at the same time. This will make anybody give 

up immediately. 


[ 183 ] 












PLATE 136 


Another method to meet an attack, as shown in Plate No. 136, is to bring your oppo¬ 
nent’s arm up high and reach in under his arm to the back of his neck. Then twist his 
wrist so that the palm of his hand is turned upward. Have the back of his elbow 
across your arm and force the elbow upwards and the wrist downwards. This is 
another way to break an arm and easily subdue your opponent. 


. 


[ 184 ] 









PLATE 137 

Should a person attack you and endeavor to punch you, as shown in Plate No. 133, grasp 
his right wrist, push it upward, and duck underneath his right arm as shown above. 
His arm will then rest on the back of your neck. Twist the arm so that the palm 
points upward, then force down and reach with your right hand for opponent’s throat, 

so as to overcome him speedily. 


[ 185 ] 







PLATE 138 

The above photo shows another way to overcome an attack as shown in Plate No. 133. 
Raise opponent’s right arm and duck underneath, as shown in previous Plate No. 137. 
Have his elbow again resting on the back of your neck with his palm turned upward. 
Then reach with your free arm around his back, pinning his other arm to his body. 
By forcing down on his arm which rests on the back of your neck, you will have 
your opponent helpless on. his toes. 

[186] 







PLATE 139 


If a person strikes you or endeavors to hit you a blow in the face, throw 
your face backwards as far as possible, but leave your left foot against the inside of 

his left foot, as shown above. 


[ 187 ] 











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[ 188 ] 





















PLATE 141 


Should a person endeavor to strike you, as shown in Plate No. 133, side step to the left 
and take hold of his left wrist with your left hand, throwing your right wrist into the 
crotch of his left elbow, as shown above. 


f 189] 










PLATE 142 


Then keep forcing up with your left hand until your right hand can take hold of 
your left wrist, thus securing practically a reverse double wrist-lock, which will cause 
your adversary enough pain to make him quit. 


[ 190 ] 










PLATE 143 

Should a man rush to attack you, reach quickly with both hands for his coat lapels. 


[ 191 ] 




















PLATE 144 


Next, with a quick move, pull his coat collar over his shoulders and half-way down 
on his arms. In this position you have him at such a disadvantage that he is unable 
to do any further harm at the present time. 




[ 192 ] 










PLATE 145 

There is another counter when an opponent rushes at you as shown in Plate No. 133. 
Instead of grasping both coat lapels, simply take hold of his left coat lapel with your 
right hand, step around in back of him quickly and pull the coat over his left shoulder, 
at the same time and as soon as you are able, reach his other coat lapel and pull the 
coat over his other shoulder half-way down, as shown above. This will stop the attack. 




[ 193 ] 





” PLATE 146 

Should anyone grab you by the throat as shown above (continued on Plate No. 147) 


[ 194 ] 












PLATE 147 

iply reach upward with your hand and grasp one or more of his fingers and pull 
them away from your throat as quickly as possible. 


[ 195 ] 




PLATE 148 


Next endeavor to place your arm under your opponent’s without letting go of his fingers. 
By pulling down strongly and forcing his arm upward with your own arm, you have 
him at your mercy with one hand. 


[ 196 ] 





PLATE 149 


Should your opponent attack you with a strangle hold with his right arm, reach up 
with your left, place your fingers on the inside of his palm and your thumb on the 
back of his hand and pull his hand away sideways and outward. Then place your right 
hand thumb tLj same as the left on the back of his hand so as to have him in your power. 


[ 197 ] 






PLATE 150 

Another way of making a man helpless from an attack as shown in Plate No. 150. 
Grasp his fingers, pull them away from your throat with your right hand, then follow 
by reaching with your left hand in back of his left elbow and grasp his hand and 
twist inward so as to render him helpless. 


[ 198 ] 





Still another way for defending yourself from a strangle hold as shown above, is 
if opponent has taken you by the throat with his right hand, reach with your right 
hand, placing your fingers on the inside of palm and with your thumb on the back of 
his hand, twist inward. Follow up by using your left in the same manner. Keep on 
twisting his arm until he gives up. 


[ 199 ] 






PLATE 152 

When a person makes an attempt to strike a blow with his right hand, grasp his wrist 
with your right hand and shove it upwards, as shown above. 


[ 200 ] 





PLATE 153 

From preceding position, force your opponent’s right arm over his right shoulder and 
reach between his shoulder and forearm with your left hand, bend his arm and take 
hold of your right wrist with your left hand, tighten up on your holds and you have him. 


[ 201 ] 





PLATE 154 

When a man makes an attack swinging with his right fist, reach quickly for his left arm 
with your left hand and pull it towards you as shown above. 


[ 202 ] 





PLATE 155 


Then pull your opponent’s arm towards your left shoulder and twist his wrist so his 
palm turns upward. Reach under with your right hand for his right coat lapel and 
force his left wrist downward against your elbow, twisting his palm upwards. 


[ 203 J 







PLATE 156 


The above photo shows another method of preventing an attack, as shown in Plate No. 
154. Grasp your opponent’s left wrist with your left hand and pulling it toward you 
quickly and across your chest, reach up with your right arm, place your right elbow 
on his left shoulder and force his chin backward with your wrist. Tighten up on his left 
arm, while raising his chin and you have him in a bad position. 


[ 204 ] 















PLATE 157 


A simple method to overcome an attack is to grab your adversary’s both coat lapels, 
as shown above, and place your left foot against his stomach, throwing yourself back¬ 
wards on the ground and send him flying through the air, still retaining your hold on 

his coat lapels. 


[ 205 ] 





t 



[206 j 


The above photo shows the finish from the preceding position. Your opponent is now down on the floor. Reverse position of 
hands, that is, place the backs of the hands against his throat and pull tightly on the lapels. Care should be taken as it does 

not take much to strangle a man this way. 











PLATE 159 

Another bone-breaking bold is to grasp opponent’s left hand with your right, placing 
the ends of ) your fingers inside of his palm, with your thumb on top of his wrist. 




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pan 


— 




[ 207 ] 















PLATE 160 

Twist opponent s left arm outward and upward, at the same time raise your right arm 
and step in under his raised arm, as shown above. 




[208 ] 












PLATE 16! 


Turn completely around until you are facing your opponent again, as shown above. 
Then while retaining grip on his hand, keep twisting opponent’s left arm around as 
in the above photo, until he is willing to give up. You can make this hold more 
severe with additional assistance of other hand, thus doubling your force in twisting 

his arm. 


[ 209 ] 







PLATE 162 

To render your adversary helpless in another way, take hold of his left elbow with 
your right hand, reach up with your left for his right coat collar, step in back of him, 
placing your hip against him, and in this way heave him clear off the ground and 

throw him on his back. 


[ 210 ] 




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PLATE 164 

When an opponent endeavors to strike you with his right hand, reach for his left hand 
and grasp the back of his fingers in your right palm, twist inward toward your left arm, 
and pull his left elbow toward you with your left hand, stepping alongside of him. 


[ 212 ] 







PLATE I63 

As you step close to him, put your right arm in back of his elbow, hold the fingers 
of his left hand firmly with your right, twisting it into the crotch of your elbow. With 
this position obtained, you can easily make him give up, when using much strength. 


[ 213 ] 





PLATE 166 

To obtain a Strangle Hold from the front, reach for each side of your opponent’s 
coat collar with the backs of your hands against his throat, as shown above. Tighten 
up with your grip and force against his windpipe until you have him at your mercy. 


[ 214 ] 






PLATE 167 


Another method - of obtaining a Strangle Hold from the front, pull your opponent’s head 
down over your right forearm by placing your left hand on his right shoulder. Reach 
across his throat with your right forearm and grasp your left wrist with your right hand to 
make the hold secure. Tighten vour grip on his right shoulder and you have your 
opponent in a dangerous way. 


[ 215 ] 






PLATE 168 


To overpower a man when you are in back of him, take hold of his coat on both 
shoulders and pull him backwards. You can break his resistance by placing your left 

knee into the small of his back. 


[ 216 ] 







PLATE 169 


Then secure a strangle hold from the back -with your left forearm coming across 
your adversary’s throat and pull his head backwards. Grasp your left hand with 
your right. Press down with your chin on top of his head and you will have him 

powerless. 


[ 217 ] 




PLATE 170 

Another way of taking the strangle hold from the back when starting it as shown 
in Plate No. 168 is reaching around your opponent’s throat with your left arm, taking 
hold of your right forearm and placing your right hand on top of his head. Force 

his head backwards. 


[ 218 ] 









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[ 219 ] 


When opponent is rushing at you, throw yourself to the ground and place your right heel in back of his left heel as illustrated. 
Then force your left foot against the inside of his left knee. If lie resists this trip, his knee joint will snap very easily. 













PLATE 172 

Another simple method of flooring your adversary is to reach for his left hand with 
your right. Step quickly against his left knee with your right foot. Pull sideways 
and at the same time push him with your left hand on the side of his face, thus 
bringing him easily to the ground. 




[ 220 ] 







PLATE 173 

When attacked from behind and opponent pins both of your arms against your body, 

as shown in above photo; 


[ 221 ] 






PLATE 174 

Throw both your arms upwards and outwards, as shown above, also drop your body 
downward a trifle and at the same time turn quickly and hit your opponent a blow 
in the stomach with your right elbow. 


[222 ] 





PLATE 175 


You will then be in a position to reach quickly through your legs for your opponent’s 
foot, pull it upwards between your crotch. Then sit down on his knee and twist 
his foot around. The great pain from this hold will soon make him give up. 


[223 ] 







































































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